Archive for the ‘nutrient check’ Category

Quod cibus est aliis, aliis est venenum. What’s food to some is poison to others. So, I picked up a book recently, written by a dietitian (who shall go nameless because I’m not out to point fingers). She has had years of experience and has many degrees (M.S., R.D., C.D.N., C.N.S) so she knows a lot about nutrition. Anyhoo, I contacted her because I noticed that when she mentioned good sources of protein in her book, she did not mention any plant sources. She responded with this: “I have had many vegetarian and vegan patients in my 15 years of practice, and believe it or not, not one of them walked into my office healthy. I used to be a vegetarian myself, and became anemic within 1 year. And I have done extensive research on soy and the vegetarian/vegan lifestyle, and have made educated professional and personal decisions that the protein sources derived from vegetables and legumes does not efficiently convert to human muscle and does not support regular hormonal function. Not only that, but there is a tremendous amount of research I have come across on the negative impacts of soy: http://www.soyonlineservice.co.nz/ as well as the benefits of the paleolithic diet: www.thepaleodiet.com. So at this point in my career, I do not advocate vegetarian sources of protein as a mainstay in the diet. That being said, I do love vegan and vegetarian recipes for healthy side dish options. I wish you all the best and continued good health, _____ Needless to say her response freaked me out a little bit. From what I’ve read, plant proteins are just as good as animal proteins- and healthier in many respects! And I haven’t had meat in 12 years and am not anemic. And as a vegan, I feel pretty good! Also, the research out about soy is so controversial right now- I know she knows a lot about nutrition, but does she know as much specifically about vegan nutrition as, say, a vegan R.D.? So my next step was to start consulting some vegan dietitians. 212516ppr1l_aa_sl160_.jpg I first went to Brenda Davis, R.D., co-author of Becoming Vegan: The Complete Guide to Adopting a Healthy Plant-Based Diet. She was at a research intervention and had limited internet access so her response was brief, but here’s what she had to say: “My guess is that the vegetarians _____ saw came to her because they were not doing well. It is unfortunate that she would discourage people from choosing a diet that supports human health beautifully, and is also ecologically and ethically sustainable. The healthiest, longest living people in the world have always been very near vegan (read Healthy at 100: The Scientifically Proven Secrets of the World’s Healthiest and Longest-Lived Peoples). 21snzc59c5l_aa_sl160_.jpg If you look around the world, the lowest rates of chronic diseases are in populations eating largely vegan diets. In most cases, small amounts of fish or animal protein are eaten, but in rural China, it is less than 7 g per day per person. Read The China Study: The Most Comprehensive Study of Nutrition Ever Conducted and the Startling Implications for Diet, Weight Loss and Long-term Health. 31rsgwcjwgl_aa_sl160_.jpg I know of numerous extremely healthy vegan families. It is such a joy to see children who suffer only a fraction of the infections, allergies, asthma, etc. of average kids.” I next went to Vesanto Melina, M.S., R.D, the other author of Becoming Vegan. “It is true that people (such as this dietitian), who have no idea how to create a nutritionally adequate vegan diet, sometimes are unaware that it can be done. It depends on her university program, but some programs could fail to include that information in a curriculum. And then it sounds like she never became updated. Of course many vegans are thriving, and look tremendously healthy, and would not have any reason to see an MD. It sounds as though she saw some who were poorly informed, and then she was unable to help them further. I do consultations for people. If this is what interests you, I will send you the details. However our book Becoming Vegan: The Complete Guide to Adopting a Healthy Plant-Based Diet covers many questions you may have very well. So you may want to have a look at that first. Many dietitians who have vegan clients (and successfully counsel them) use this book as a reference. it is a classic for this subject, and very well respected by dietitians and physicians.”

The purpose of this post is not to attack anyone. It is to give vegans a piece of mind about their health and their decision to be vegan. And I urge anyone who has information on the effectiveness of plant protein or other information about vegansim being a healthy life choice to contact me or post a comment. Any other dietitians out there - I’d love to hear what you have to say on the topic. I’m particularly curious about her claim that “protein sources derived from vegetables and legumes does not efficiently convert to human muscle and does not support regular hormonal function.”

I read in The Vegan Diet As Chronic Disease Prevention chronicdisease.jpg,”The human body does not need to eat other animal’s muscle in order to build its own muscle. Neither do other vegetarians, like deer, gorillas, bulls, stallions, giraffes, and elephants… In 1907 the Yale Medical Journal published findings showing that both vegetarian athletes and vegetarian non-athletes excelled in exercise endurance over meat-eating athletes.”

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I consume a lot of soy. Soymilk, tofu, edamame, tempeh, Boca Burgers, Soy Crumbles and other veggie “meats,” soy slices, soy nuts, soynut butter… the list goes on. I’ve never been one to believe that soy is evil or bad for you (though I plan to keep an eye on what the anti-soy-ians are saying)- in fact, more research is piling up revealing how good it is for you (good source of protein, cancer-fighting, heart-healthy, cholesterol-lowering, antioxidant…). But I do think it’s important to get a balanced diet. So I’m trying to substitute some of my soy for other healthy alternatives.

I’m trying out new milk products. Wild Oats has quite a variety. I bought hemp milk the other day. Hemp is a great source of omega 3 and 6. Hemp milk is rich tasting. It’s not bad but I think it’s going to take some getting used to. But then, I didn’t love soymilk immediately. And now I crave it. Supposedly it takes two weeks of consuming something before you are used to it. I also bought Rice Dream milk. I’m not gonna lie. It tastes like rice. Which is fine- but when I’m thirsty, rice isn’t generally a taste I’m looking for. I think my next attempt will be almond milk. It sounds soothing. Maybe oat milk. I love Oatscream (sold at Whole Foods), so perhaps I’ll love the milk. Here’s an article I found on some different milks, their pros and cons, and best uses.

I love soynut butter, but it might be a nice idea to branch out and try other nut or seed butters, like almond butter (my mom really likes it), hazelnut butter, cashew butter or pistachio butter. I tried sunflower seed butter. It’s a little bland, but not too bad.

I encourage you to take a closer look at the vegan foods you eat to see how much soy you’re getting. You may be surprised. And be aware that, like any processed food, highly processed soy products contain less of the original nutrients. If a large percentage of your diet is soy, try to branch out a little bit. Try more non-soy items. You might discover some new favorites!

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My boyfriend and I roadtripped it to San Francisco this weekend. It happened to be the weekend of the World Veg Fest (see this blog entry…) We spent a good portion of the trip in the car. Since the majority of our stops involved gas stations, food choices were limited. But we both love sunflower seeds, both in-shell and “dehulled.” And it occurred to me that these little buggers are a pretty amazing food. They contain a cornucopia of nutrition. Check it! The vitamin and mineral variety in them is incredible! Just 1/4 cup of these gems gives you 90.5% RDA of vitamin E and over 50% of vitamin B1 (thiamin). It’s also a solid source for manganese, magnesium, copper, tryptophan, selenium, phosphorus, B5, and folate. Plus you’re getting protein and fiber! It’s like taking a multivitamin.

Also, the phytosterols in sunflower seeds are believed to lower cholesterol! And these seeds can help prevent cancer! If you haven’t incorporated sunflower seeds into your diet yet, you really ought to give them a shot. They’re quite tasty. Sprinkle some on a salad. Add them to a trail mix. Make your body happy :)

asparagus

Folate (or B9) is a water-soluble vitamin. It is used in cell maintenance, cell formation and to keep tissue healthy. The synthetic version that is found in supplements and fortified foods is called Folic Acid. Folate can lower your risk of heart disease, cancer, birth defects, and neural tube defects.

How much do you need? The RDA recommends:

For Males:

  • 11-14 = 150 mg
  • 15-51+ = 200 mg

For Females

  • 11-14 = 150
  • 15-51+ = 180
  • pregnant = 400 mg
    note: if there’s even the mere possibility of you becoming pregnant,
    it’s better to be safe and consume 4oo mg. taking supplements is
    recommended by the Institute of Medicine.
  • lactating 1st 6 months = 280
  • lactating 2nd 6 months = 260

Lucky for us most folate is found in fruits and veggies. It can also be found in legumes, nuts and seeds.
Some of the best sources are:

  • asparagus
  • green leafy vegetables
  • beans
  • sunflower seeds
  • oranges
  • strawberries
  • melons

Folate deficiency (a form of anemia) occurs when there’s a decrease in red blood cells. It can also cause red blood cells to become abnormally large. Some signs that you may be deficient include diarrhea, loss of apetite, weight loss, weakness, sore tongue, headaches, heart palpitations, irritability, forgetfulness, and behavioral disorders.
If you have folate deficiency and give birth it can result in a low birth weight and defects, so be extra careful during pregnancy.

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Our bodies need calcium on a daily basis to maintain strong bones (teeth included). Our bodies cannot produce calcium on their own so we need to get it through nutrition. Some of the vegan dietary sources include tofu, green leafy vegetables, dried fruit, seeds and nuts. Note: In order to absorb calcium, our bodies need vitamin D. So be sure to expose yourself to the sun for at least 15 minutes a few times a week, or get vitamin D through nutrition/ fortified foods.

daily requirements:

  • 0-6 months = 210 mg
  • 7-12 months = 270 mg
  • 1-3 years = 500 mg
  • 4-8 years = 800 mg
  • 9-18 yrs old = 1300 mg
  • 19-50 yrs old = 1000 mg
  • 51+ = 1200 mg

some of the top vegan dietary sources are:

  • sesame seeds
  • tofu
  • soybeans
  • almonds
  • brazil nuts
  • flax seeds
  • kidney beans
  • french beans
  • yellow beans
  • navy beans
  • turnip greens
  • dandelion greens
  • kelp (seaweed)
  • parsley
  • kale
  • arugula
  • collards
  • figs

note: due to an abundance of comments, I have edited this entry to contain additional, more specific information. I appreciate your input.

nuts & seeds

If you’re as fortunate as I am, you’ve had baffled meat eaters repeatedly asking this question. Why this seems to be the number one concern they have for us veg’s is beyond me. And why our society is under the impression that only animal products have protein probably has something to do with the popularity of those meat-based Atkins-type diets. But don’t you worry- plant proteins contain the same 23 amino acids as animal proteins. Deficiency in protein is quite uncommon in the U.S. The best source of protein you can possibly get is through spirulina, an ocean algae. Consuming just 2 tablespoons (20 g) of this supplement will give you a whopping 13 grams of protein.

Here’s a list of vegan foods that contain protein (in grams):

(note: these are generalizations- protein may vary for certain foods like whole wheat bread depending on type and brand)

SOY

  • tempeh (1 cup, 40g)
  • soybeans (1 cup cooked, 29g)
  • tofu (4 oz, 9g)
  • tofu, firm (4 oz, 11g)
  • soy nut butter (2 tbsp, 7g)
  • soymilk (1 cup, 7g)

BEANS

  • soybeans (1 cup, 29g)
  • black beans (1 cup cooked, 15g)
  • kidney beans (1 cup cooked, 13g)
  • vegetarian baked beans (1 cup, 12g)
  • pinto beans (1 cup cooked, 12g)
  • lima beans (1 cup cooked, 10g)

NUTS

  • soy nuts (1/4 cup roasted, 19g)
  • cashews (1/4 cup, 5g)
  • almonds (1/4 cup, 8g)
  • almond butter (2 tbsp, 5g)
  • brazil nuts (1/4 cup, 8g)
  • hazel nuts (1/4 cup, 8g)
  • pine nuts (1/4 cup, 4g)
  • macadamia nuts (1/4 cup, 4g)
  • pecans (1/4 cup, 5g)
  • walnuts (1/4 cup, 8g)

GRAINS

  • oatmeal (1 cup, 6g)
  • bulgur (1 cup, 6g)
  • seitan (3 oz, 31g)
  • whole wheat bread (2 slices, 5g)

VEGETABLES

  • chickpeas (1 cup cooked, 12g)
  • green peas (1 cup cooked, 9g)
  • spinach (1 cup cooked, 5g)
  • artichoke (1 medium cooked, 4g)
  • kale (1 cup cooked, 2.5g)
  • broccoli (1 cup cooked, 4g)
  • potato (1 medium, 4g)

LEGUMES

  • lentils (1 cup cooked, 18g)
  • peanuts (1/4 cup, 8g)
  • peanut butter (2 tbsp, 8g)

SEEDS

  • sunflower seeds (1/4 cup, 6g)
  • pumpkin seeds (1/4 cup, 9g)
  • quinoa (1 cup cooked, 9g)

RICE

  • brown rice (1 cup cooked, 5g)
  • wild rice (1 cup cooked, 6.5g)

How much protein should you get per day? Multiply your body weight by .36 and that will give you the number of grams you should be getting. (example: a 150lb person should get about 54 grams of protein)

OMEGA 3

There are 3 types of omega 3 fatty acids: ALA, EPA, and DHA. ALA, or alpha-linolenic acid, is the type of omega 3 that must be obtained through food, for it cannot be produced by the body. Once you consume ALA, EPA and DHA can be synthesized in the body.

For vegans, the best form of this polyunsaturated fatty acid can be found in hemp, walnuts and walnut oil, flax, soybean and canola oils and purslane (a type of plant).

  • Men need 1.6 grams a day
  • women need 1.1 grams a day
  • A woman who is pregnant or breastfeeding should consume between 1.3 and 1.4 grams a day.

I’ve seen all sorts of claims as to how omega 3 is beneficial to your health, including protection against heart disease, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, Alzheimer’s, thrombosis, some cancers, and inflammatory and autoimmune disorders to name a few. Some studies have shown it is necessary for the proper growth and development of infants.

OMEGA 6

Omega 6 is also an essential fatty acid, but is much easier to obtain than omega 3. Vegan sources are hemp, nuts, cereals, whole-grain breads, and most vegetable oils.

The body needs both omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids.

It is important to get a ratio of omega 6 to omega 3 of 3:1 - 5:1. The typical western diet ratio is much more skewed (between 10:1 and 30:1) According to drmirkin.com “Eating too much omega-6 and too little omega-3 causes clots and constricts arteries to increase risk for heart attacks, increases swelling to worsen arthritis, and aggravates a skin disease called psoriasis. It may block a person’s ability to respond to insulin, causing high insulin and blood sugar levels and obesity. It increases hormone levels of insulin like growth factor-1 that causes certain cancers.”

That’s why flax is such a popular item these days. It actually has a ratio of 1:3, so it has more omega 3 than omega 6. Since we already get so much omega 6, we need to up our omega 3 through flaxseeds and flaxseed oils. Canola oil has a ratio of 2:1 so it’s also a great source. Hemp oil is 3:1. Soybean oil is probably the next best with a ratio of 7:1.

This mineral is essential for the thyroid to function properly. If the thyroid doesn’t have enough iodine, it will expand and eventually lead to a goitre. If you develop hypothyroidism, you may experience weight gain, lethargy, intolerance to cold, increased blood cholesterol, mental slowness and reduced heart function. It is especially essential to get enough iodine during pregnancy.

  • Adults need 150 micrograms/ day (for metabolic processes i.e. growth/energy expenditure)
  • During pregnancy and lactation 200 micrograms/ day (for baby developent in womb)
  • Children (6-12) need 120 micrograms/ day (for normal brain and physical development)
  • Infants need 90 micrograms/ day (for normal brain and physical development)

Setting aside fish, seaweed is a great source of iodine. Eat 2-3 servings a week. I’m a big fan of vegetarian sushi, myself. Otherwise a few grams of iodized salt (varies, depending on the country you live in) will do the job. Note: sea salt is actually a poor source of iodine.

My main iodine intake comes from a liquid kelp supplement. Kelp is a type of seaweed extract. I just put a few drops into a glass of water. Easy peasy. And you can’t even taste it.

If you have an overactive thyroid- you need less iodine in your diet. Please talk to a doctor.
And never go above 1,000 micrograms per day. Too much iodine can be toxic.


B12

This is a vitamin produced by bacteria. It is necessary for cell division, making DNA, and blood formation. It is important for vegans to add this water soluble vitamin into our diet, either through foods that are fortified with B12 or through supplements. 5-10 micrograms per day. If you take more than that, it won’t all be absorbed, so make sure to take it regularly. You don’t need a whole lot of it, but deficiency in this vitamin can cause anemia and even nerve damage.

for more info, check out some links:

http://www.vrg.org/nutrition/b12.htm

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/vitamin-B12/NS_patient-vitaminb12

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